{"id":7282,"date":"2026-09-18T06:55:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T06:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/?p=7282"},"modified":"2026-09-14T07:14:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T07:14:47","slug":"inspektion-der-oberflachenrauheit-nach-dem-elektropolieren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/electropolished-surface-roughness-inspection\/","title":{"rendered":"So pr\u00fcfen Sie die Oberfl\u00e4chenrauheit elektropolierter Bleche \u2014 Ra, Rz, Profilometer und ASME BPE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">You receive an <strong>elektropoliertes Blechgeh\u00e4use<\/strong>. Die Oberfl\u00e4che erscheint unter Werkstattbeleuchtung gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig und reflektierend. Doch wenn Ihr Qualit\u00e4tsteam sie mit einem Kontaktprofilometer misst, liegt der <strong>Ra-Messwert bei 0,5 \u00b5m \u2014 h\u00f6her als der in Ihrer Zeichnung angegebene H\u00f6chstwert von 0,38 \u00b5m<\/strong>. Ihr Lieferant besteht darauf, dass das Elektropolieren korrekt durchgef\u00fchrt wurde. Wo liegt also das Problem: <strong>am Bauteil oder an der Messung?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Dieses Szenario tritt h\u00e4ufiger auf, als die meisten Eink\u00e4ufer erwarten. <strong>Elektropolierte Oberfl\u00e4chen verhalten sich bei der Profilometermessung anders als mechanisch polierte Oberfl\u00e4chen<\/strong>, und der Grund liegt darin, wie das Messinstrument mit der Oberfl\u00e4chengeometrie interagiert. Dieses Zusammenspiel zu verstehen \u2014 und zu wissen, <strong>welche Standards, Werkzeuge und Verfahren gelten<\/strong> \u2014 ist der Unterschied zwischen zuverl\u00e4ssigen Pr\u00fcfdaten und wiederkehrenden Streitigkeiten mit Ihrem Lieferanten.<\/p>\n<h2>Warum die Pr\u00fcfung der Oberfl\u00e4chenrauheit elektropolierter Teile nicht einfach ist<\/h2>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Auf einer mechanisch polierten Oberfl\u00e4che f\u00e4hrt die Profilometernadel \u00fcber ein Muster gerichteter Kratzer. Die Spitzen und T\u00e4ler sind regelm\u00e4\u00dfig, und der Ra-Messwert ist vorhersehbar. <strong>Auf einer elektropolierten Oberfl\u00e4che ist die Situation anders.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Beim Elektropolieren l\u00f6st ein elektrochemischer Prozess bevorzugt die Spitzen der Metalloberfl\u00e4che auf und hinterl\u00e4sst eine <strong>mikrog latte, richtungslose Oberfl\u00e4che<\/strong>. Die Makrotopologie \u2014 die gr\u00f6\u00dferen H\u00fcgel und T\u00e4ler aus vorheriger Umformung oder Schleifbearbeitung \u2014 bleibt weitgehend unver\u00e4ndert. Dies wird oft beschrieben als <strong>\u201cdie B\u00e4ume entfernen, w\u00e4hrend die H\u00fcgel intakt bleiben.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Hier liegt das <strong>Messparadoxon<\/strong>: Eine Standard-Profilometernadel mit einem <strong>Spitzenradius von 5 \u00b5m<\/strong> kann ungehindert \u00fcber die mikrog latte elektropolierte Oberfl\u00e4che fahren und der Makrotopologie folgen, ohne die Mikroebenen-Gl\u00e4ttung zu erfassen. Das Ergebnis ist, dass der <strong>Ra-Messwert auf einer elektropolierten Oberfl\u00e4che tats\u00e4chlich h\u00f6her sein kann als der Messwert auf derselben Oberfl\u00e4che vor dem Elektropolieren<\/strong> \u2014 obwohl die Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) best\u00e4tigt, dass die elektropolierte Oberfl\u00e4che objektiv glatter ist.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7284\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7284\" class=\"wp-image-7284 size-fusion-600\" src=\"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-600x450.webp\" alt=\"Profilometermessverhalten auf einer elektropolierten Oberfl\u00e4che\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-200x150.webp 200w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-400x300.webp 400w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-500x375.webp 500w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-600x450.webp 600w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-700x525.webp 700w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-800x600.webp 800w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox-1200x900.webp 1200w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-surface-profilometer-measurement-paradox.webp 1448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7284\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Eine Profilometernadel kann gr\u00f6\u00dferen Oberfl\u00e4chenwellen folgen, w\u00e4hrend sie die durch Elektropolieren erzeugte Mikroebenen-Gl\u00e4ttung \u00fcbersieht.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Das bedeutet nicht, dass das Profilometer defekt ist. <strong>Es bedeutet, dass die Messmethode auf den Oberfl\u00e4chenzustand abgestimmt werden muss.<\/strong> F\u00fcr elektropolierte Teile erfordert dies oft eine Kombination aus <strong>Kontaktprofilometrie (mit geeigneten Grenzwellenl\u00e4ngeneinstellungen), ber\u00fchrungsloser optischer Messung und \u2014 f\u00fcr kritische Anwendungen \u2014 REM- oder Rasterkraftmikroskopie (AFM)-Verifizierung.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Was Ra und Rz tats\u00e4chlich messen \u2014 und warum Sie beides ben\u00f6tigen<\/h2>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Ra (Mittlere Rauheit)<\/strong> ist das arithmetische Mittel der absoluten Abweichungen des Oberfl\u00e4chenprofils von der Mittellinie \u00fcber eine festgelegte Messstrecke. Es ist in ISO 4287 definiert und der am weitesten verbreitete Rauheitsparameter in der Fertigung. <strong>Ein niedrigerer Ra-Wert weist auf eine glattere Oberfl\u00e4che hin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Rz (mittlere maximale Rautiefe)<\/strong> misst den mittleren H\u00f6henunterschied zwischen den f\u00fcnf h\u00f6chsten Spitzen und f\u00fcnf tiefsten T\u00e4lern innerhalb der Messstrecke. Im Gegensatz zu Ra, der alle Abweichungen mittelt, <strong>erfasst Rz die Extremwerte \u2014 was ihn empfindlicher f\u00fcr isolierte tiefe T\u00e4ler oder scharfe Spitzen macht.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Warum ist das f\u00fcr elektropolierte Oberfl\u00e4chen wichtig? Eine Oberfl\u00e4che kann einen niedrigen Ra-Durchschnitt aufweisen, aber dennoch <strong>isolierte tiefe T\u00e4ler enthalten, die von vorheriger Bearbeitung oder Schleifen stammen und durch das Elektropolieren nicht vollst\u00e4ndig entfernt wurden<\/strong>. Diese T\u00e4ler sind f\u00fcr Ra unsichtbar, werden aber von Rz erfasst \u2014 und sie sind genau die Art von Merkmal, die in pharmazeutischen, lebensmittelverarbeitenden oder Halbleiteranwendungen Kontamination einf\u00e4ngt.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7285\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7285\" class=\"wp-image-7285 size-fusion-600\" src=\"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-600x450.webp\" alt=\"Ra vs. Rz Oberfl\u00e4chenrauheitsmessung an elektropoliertem Blech\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-200x150.webp 200w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-400x300.webp 400w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-500x375.webp 500w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-600x450.webp 600w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-700x525.webp 700w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-800x600.webp 800w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness-1200x900.webp 1200w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ra-vs-rz-electropolished-surface-roughness.webp 1448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7285\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Ra repr\u00e4sentiert die durchschnittliche Oberfl\u00e4chenabweichung, w\u00e4hrend Rz gr\u00f6\u00dfere Spitzen und T\u00e4ler hervorhebt, die Ra m\u00f6glicherweise herausmittelt.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-2\">\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Parameter<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Was gemessen wird<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Typischer EP-Bereich<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Warum es wichtig ist<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>Ra<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Durchschnittliche Abweichung von der Mittellinie<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>0,1\u20130,4 \u00b5m (4\u201316 \u00b5in)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Standard-Abnahmekriterium; die meisten Zeichnungen geben Ra an<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>Rz<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Mittlere Spitzen-zu-Tal-H\u00f6he<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u2264 1,0 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Erfasst isolierte Defekte, die Ra herausmittelt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>Rq<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Quadratischer Mittelwert der Rauheit<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Etwas h\u00f6her als Ra<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Empfindlicher gegen\u00fcber Ausrei\u00dfern; wird in einigen Halbleiterspezifikationen verwendet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Praktische Empfehlung:<\/strong> F\u00fcr elektropolierte Blechteile, <strong>geben Sie Ra als prim\u00e4res Abnahmekriterium an und f\u00fcgen Sie Rz als sekund\u00e4re Pr\u00fcfung hinzu, wenn das Teil in kontaminationsempfindlichen Umgebungen eingesetzt wird<\/strong>. Schreiben Sie auf die Zeichnung beide Werte mit ihren Einheiten und der Messnorm, zum Beispiel: <strong>\u201cRa \u2264 0,4 \u00b5m nach ISO 4287, Rz \u2264 1,0 \u00b5m nach ISO 4287.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Kontakt- vs. ber\u00fchrungslose Profilometer \u2014 So w\u00e4hlen Sie die richtige Methode<\/h2>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Die Wahl zwischen kontaktierender und ber\u00fchrungsloser Messung ist keine Frage, welche \u201cbesser\u201d ist \u2014 <strong>sondern welche Methode zu Ihrer Bauteilgeometrie, Ihrem Oberfl\u00e4chenzustand und Ihrem Pr\u00fcfzweck passt.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7286\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7286\" class=\"wp-image-7286 size-fusion-600\" src=\"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-600x450.webp\" alt=\"Kontakt- vs. optisches Profilometer f\u00fcr die Pr\u00fcfung von elektropoliertem Blech\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-200x150.webp 200w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-400x300.webp 400w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-500x375.webp 500w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-600x450.webp 600w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-700x525.webp 700w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-800x600.webp 800w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal-1200x900.webp 1200w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/contact-vs-optical-profilometer-electropolished-sheet-metal.webp 1448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7286\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Vergleich von Kontakt-Tastsystem und ber\u00fchrungslosen optischen Methoden zur Messung der Oberfl\u00e4chenrauheit von elektropoliertem Blech.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Tastschnittger\u00e4t (Kontakt)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Eine Tastnadel mit Diamantspitze f\u00e4hrt \u00fcber die Oberfl\u00e4che und zeichnet die vertikale Verschiebung auf. <strong>Dies ist die gebr\u00e4uchlichste Methode zur \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Oberfl\u00e4chenrauheit in der Fertigung.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Wann verwenden:<\/strong> Flache oder leicht gew\u00f6lbte elektropolierte Oberfl\u00e4chen, bei denen die Tastnadel einen gleichm\u00e4\u00dfigen Kontakt aufrechterhalten kann. Die meisten Anwendungen in der Werkstatt und bei der Wareneingangspr\u00fcfung.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Einschr\u00e4nkungen bei elektropolierten Oberfl\u00e4chen:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li>Der Spitzenradius der Tastnadel (<strong>typischerweise 2\u20135 \u00b5m<\/strong>) kann die durch Elektropolieren erzeugten mikrog latten Merkmale m\u00f6glicherweise nicht vollst\u00e4ndig aufl\u00f6sen.<\/li>\n<li>Auf stark reflektierenden elektropolierten Oberfl\u00e4chen kann die Tastnadel \u00fcber Mikrospitzen \u201cspringen\u201d und Messwerte liefern, die die <strong>Makrotopologie statt der tats\u00e4chlichen Oberfl\u00e4chenbeschaffenheit widerspiegeln<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Die Tastnadel kann weiche elektropolierte Oberfl\u00e4chen zerkratzen, wenn die Kontaktkraft zu hoch ist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Optisches Profilometer (ber\u00fchrungslos)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Verwendet Laserinterferometrie, Wei\u00dflicht-Scanning oder konfokale Mikroskopie zur Messung der Oberfl\u00e4chentopografie <strong>ohne physischen Kontakt<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Wann verwenden:<\/strong> Komplexe Geometrien (Innenfl\u00e4chen, kleine Radien, nahe Schwei\u00dfzonen), weiche Materialien oder wenn Sie <strong>3D-Oberfl\u00e4chenkartierung anstelle einer Einzellinienmessung ben\u00f6tigen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Vorteile f\u00fcr elektropolierte Teile:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>No risk of surface damage.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Higher resolution (<strong>down to 0.1 nm for some systems<\/strong>) can resolve the micro-smooth features that a stylus misses.<\/li>\n<li>Can map surface uniformity across an area, not just along a single trace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Limitations:<\/strong> Higher equipment cost. Requires trained operators. Surface reflectivity can affect measurement accuracy on mirror-grade electropolished surfaces.<\/p>\n<h3>Surface Roughness Comparators<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Physical reference samples with known Ra values, used for visual and tactile comparison.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Wann verwenden:<\/strong> Shop-floor screening only. <strong>Not suitable for formal acceptance testing of electropolished parts<\/strong> because the visual difference between Ra 0.2 \u00b5m and Ra 0.4 \u00b5m is invisible to the naked eye.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Recommendation for electropolished sheet metal:<\/strong> <strong>Use a contact profilometer as the primary inspection tool with optical profilometry as a secondary or verification method for critical parts.<\/strong> Comparators should only be used for preliminary screening.<\/p>\n<h2>Industriestandards f\u00fcr die Oberfl\u00e4chenrauheit elektropolierter Oberfl\u00e4chen<\/h2>\n<p>Several standards apply to electropolished surface roughness, each serving a different purpose. <strong>Knowing which standard your drawing references \u2014 and what it actually requires \u2014 prevents misinterpretation during inspection.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-2\">\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Standard<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Scope<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">What It Defines<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>ISO 4287<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Surface texture parameters<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Definitions of Ra, Rz, Rq, and other roughness parameters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>ISO 4288<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Sampling rules<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Cutoff length (\u03bbc), evaluation length, and number of traces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>ASME BPE SF1\u2013SF6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Bioprocessing equipment finishes<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Max Ra values for mechanically polished (SF1\u2013SF3) and electropolished (SF4\u2013SF6) surfaces, plus limits on pits, scratches, and inclusions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>ASTM B912<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Passivation of stainless steel<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Requirements for passivation after electropolishing; does not define Ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>SEMI F19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Semiconductor wetted surfaces<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Surface finish and passivation requirements for ultra-high-purity applications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ASME BPE is worth understanding in detail<\/strong> because it goes beyond Ra. Each SF designation (SF4, SF5, SF6 for electropolished surfaces) defines <strong>not just a maximum Ra value but also allowable pits, scratches, and inclusions \u2014 plus a defined protocol for how measurements are taken<\/strong>. This means an ASME BPE inspection is not a single profilometer reading; <strong>it includes visual inspection against defect criteria.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-2\">\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Designation<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Verfahren<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Max Ra<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Additional Criteria<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>SF4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Electropolished<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>15 \u00b5in (0.38 \u00b5m)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Pit, scratch, and inclusion limits per ASME BPE Part SF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>SF5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Electropolished<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>20 \u00b5in (0.51 \u00b5m)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Same defect criteria as SF4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>SF6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Electropolished<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>25 \u00b5in (0.64 \u00b5m)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Same defect criteria as SF4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Key point for sheet metal buyers:<\/strong> If your drawing references ASME BPE, <strong>your supplier must comply with the full acceptance package \u2014 not just the Ra number.<\/strong> If your drawing only specifies <strong>&#8220;Ra \u2264 0.4 \u00b5m per ISO 4287,&#8221;<\/strong> the inspection is limited to roughness measurement and does not include defect criteria unless you add them separately.<\/p>\n<h2>Schritt-f\u00fcr-Schritt-Pr\u00fcfablauf f\u00fcr elektropolierte Blechteile<\/h2>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">The following workflow applies to incoming inspection of electropolished sheet metal parts using a contact profilometer. Adjustments for optical measurement are noted where relevant.<\/p>\n<h3>Pre-Measurement Preparation<\/h3>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Clean the surface.<\/strong> Remove any fingerprints, oil, or residue with a lint-free cloth and isopropyl alcohol. <strong>Residual contamination skews Ra readings.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Stabilize the part.<\/strong> Fix the part on the profilometer stage or a vibration-isolated surface. <strong>Movement during measurement invalidates the result.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Verify instrument calibration.<\/strong> Measure the certified reference specimen before each session. If the reading deviates from the certified value, <strong>recalibrate before proceeding.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Selecting Measurement Locations<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">For electropolished sheet metal parts, measure at the following locations:<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Flat panel areas<\/strong> \u2014 the primary acceptance zone; measure at least <strong>3 traces at different orientations<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bend zones<\/strong> \u2014 electropolishing may not reach the same Ra on the outside of a bend as on flat stock. Measure <strong>2\u20133 traces near the bend radius<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weld-adjacent zones<\/strong> \u2014 if the part is welded, measure <strong>10\u201315 mm from the weld toe<\/strong>. Heat-affected zones may have different surface characteristics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Edges and corners<\/strong> \u2014 electropolishing is less effective on sharp edges due to current density concentration. Measure if the edge is a functional or cosmetic surface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Defining Sampling Parameters<\/h3>\n<p>Follow ISO 4288 for <strong>cutoff length and evaluation length<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-2\">\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Ra Range (\u00b5m)<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Cutoff Length \u03bbc (mm)<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Evaluation Length (mm)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0.006\u20130.02<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">0.08<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">0.02\u20130.1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">0.25<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">1.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>0.1\u20132.0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>0.8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>4.0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">2.0\u201310.0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">2.5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">12.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">For most electropolished sheet metal parts (<strong>Ra 0.1\u20130.4 \u00b5m<\/strong>), the cutoff length is <strong>0.8 mm<\/strong> and the evaluation length is <strong>4.0 mm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Taking Measurements<\/h3>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-spread=\"false\">\n<li>Position the stylus <strong>perpendicular to the surface<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-spread=\"false\">\n<li>Run at least <strong>3 traces<\/strong> at each measurement location, spaced at least 1 mm apart.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-spread=\"false\">\n<li>Calculate the <strong>average Ra<\/strong> across all traces at each location.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-spread=\"false\">\n<li>If the average exceeds the specification, <strong>run additional traces to confirm before declaring non-conformance.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Recording and Reporting<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">A compliant inspection report should include:<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Part number, drawing revision, and purchase order number<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Measurement instrument model and calibration date<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Measurement locations (reference to drawing or photograph)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cutoff length and evaluation length used<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Individual Ra readings and calculated averages<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Rz readings (if specified)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Accept\/reject disposition with reference to the drawing specification<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Wenn der Ra-Messwert nicht den Erwartungen entspricht \u2014 Fehlerbehebungsleitfaden<\/h2>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>An out-of-specification Ra reading does not automatically mean the part is defective.<\/strong> Before rejecting the part or blaming the supplier, work through the following decision tree.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7287\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7287\" class=\"wp-image-7287 size-fusion-600\" src=\"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-600x450.webp\" alt=\"Electropolished surface Ra measurement troubleshooting workflow\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-200x150.webp 200w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-400x300.webp 400w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-500x375.webp 500w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-600x450.webp 600w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-700x525.webp 700w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-800x600.webp 800w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow-1200x900.webp 1200w, https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electropolished-ra-measurement-troubleshooting-flow.webp 1448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7287\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">A troubleshooting workflow for identifying measurement, location, contamination, or process causes of out-of-spec Ra readings.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Cause 1: Measurement Method Mismatch<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Symptom:<\/strong> Ra reading is higher than expected, but the surface looks and feels smooth.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Likely cause:<\/strong> The stylus tip geometry or cutoff length is not resolving the micro-smooth electropolished features. <strong>The profilometer is reading the macro-topology instead of the surface finish.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Action:<\/strong> Switch to a profilometer with a <strong>finer stylus tip (2 \u00b5m radius)<\/strong> or use optical profilometry. Verify with SEM if available.<\/p>\n<h3>Cause 2: Measurement on the Wrong Location<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Symptom:<\/strong> Ra is within spec on flat panels but out of spec near bends, welds, or edges.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Likely cause:<\/strong> Electropolishing is less effective in these areas due to <strong>current density variations, prior surface damage, or geometric constraints.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Action:<\/strong> Confirm whether the out-of-spec location is within the inspection zone defined on the drawing. <strong>If the drawing does not define inspection zones, this is a specification gap that should be addressed in the next revision.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Cause 3: Surface Contamination or Residual Film<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Symptom:<\/strong> Ra readings are inconsistent across the same part.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Likely cause:<\/strong> Residual electropolishing film, fingerprints, or packaging residue on the surface.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Action:<\/strong> Clean the surface thoroughly with isopropyl alcohol and re-measure. <strong>If readings stabilize, the issue was contamination, not surface finish.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Cause 4: Actual Process Deviation<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Symptom:<\/strong> Ra is consistently out of spec across multiple parts, even after confirming measurement method and location.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Likely cause:<\/strong> The electropolishing process itself is out of control \u2014 <strong>incorrect current density, bath chemistry degradation, insufficient processing time, or temperature deviation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Action:<\/strong> Request the supplier&#8217;s process log for the batch. Compare current density, bath temperature, and processing time against the qualified parameters. <strong>If the process data confirms a deviation, the parts may need re-processing.<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Key takeaway:<\/strong> Always rule out measurement error before assuming a process failure. The cost of re-measurement is trivial compared to the cost of rejecting a good batch or accepting a bad one.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Was Sie vor der Auftragserteilung best\u00e4tigen sollten \u2014 Beschaffungs-Checkliste f\u00fcr die Oberfl\u00e4chenrauheit elektropolierter Oberfl\u00e4chen<\/h2>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\"><strong>Most inspection disputes originate not in the shop floor but in the purchase order.<\/strong> If the drawing or RFQ does not clearly define the <strong>inspection method, acceptance criteria, and measurement locations<\/strong>, both buyer and supplier are left to interpret the requirement independently \u2014 and their interpretations will differ.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Use the following checklist when specifying electropolished surface roughness on your drawings and RFQs:<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Specify Ra with units and tolerance<\/strong> (e.g., Ra \u2264 0.4 \u00b5m per ISO 4287). Do not write &#8220;smooth finish&#8221; or &#8220;mirror polish&#8221; \u2014 these are visual descriptions, not measurable specifications.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Add Rz as a secondary criterion<\/strong> if the part is used in contamination-sensitive applications (pharmaceutical, food, semiconductor).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reference the measurement standard<\/strong> (ISO 4287 for parameters, ISO 4288 for sampling rules). If ASME BPE applies, specify the SF designation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Define inspection locations<\/strong> on the drawing \u2014 flat areas, bend zones, weld-adjacent zones, and edges. If only certain surfaces require electropolishing, mark them clearly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Specify the number of traces per location<\/strong> (minimum 3 recommended).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confirm the measurement method<\/strong> with the supplier \u2014 contact profilometer, optical profilometer, or both. If the supplier uses a different method than your incoming inspection, readings may not match.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Define disposition for non-conforming surfaces<\/strong> \u2014 rework, reject, or concession. Electropolished parts can sometimes be re-processed, but this depends on the alloy, geometry, and dimensional tolerance remaining.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><strong>From our experience:<\/strong> The most common source of inspection disputes we see is a drawing that specifies <strong>&#8220;Ra \u2264 0.4 \u00b5m&#8221; without defining the measurement method or location<\/strong>. Two different profilometers \u2014 or two different operators \u2014 can produce readings <strong>0.1\u20130.15 \u00b5m apart on the same electropolished surface<\/strong>. Specifying the method eliminates this ambiguity.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>H\u00e4ufig gestellte Fragen<\/h2>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:16px;--awb-content-font-size:var(--awb-typography4-font-size);--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-divider-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-divider-hover-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-icon-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-icon-box-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-title-font-family:var(--awb-typography1-font-family);--awb-title-font-weight:var(--awb-typography1-font-weight);--awb-title-font-style:var(--awb-typography1-font-style);--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-title-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography1-letter-spacing);--awb-title-line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);--awb-content-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-content-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-content-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-7282-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-43538a980480648df fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_43538a980480648df\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"43538a980480648df\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-7282-1\" data-target=\"#43538a980480648df\" href=\"#43538a980480648df\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Can electropolishing achieve a specific Ra target, or does it depend on the starting surface?<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"43538a980480648df\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_43538a980480648df\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\"><\/p>\n<p>Both. Electropolishing typically reduces Ra by <strong>30\u201350% relative to the starting surface<\/strong>. A mechanically polished surface at Ra 0.8 \u00b5m can reach <strong>0.3\u20130.4 \u00b5m after electropolishing<\/strong>. However, if the starting surface is rough (Ra &gt; 1.6 \u00b5m), electropolishing alone may not reach a pharmaceutical-grade target of <strong>Ra \u2264 0.38 \u00b5m without prior mechanical polishing<\/strong>. Always confirm the achievable Ra range with your supplier based on the starting surface condition and alloy.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f6e734d9e914948ac fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f6e734d9e914948ac\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f6e734d9e914948ac\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-7282-1\" data-target=\"#f6e734d9e914948ac\" href=\"#f6e734d9e914948ac\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Is a profilometer reading enough to accept electropolished parts, or do you also need corrosion testing?<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"f6e734d9e914948ac\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_f6e734d9e914948ac\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\"><\/p>\n<p>For most sheet metal applications, <strong>profilometer verification of Ra (and Rz if specified) is sufficient for surface roughness acceptance<\/strong>. However, if the part requires documented corrosion resistance (pharmaceutical, marine, or chemical processing applications), additional testing \u2014 such as salt spray (ASTM B117), copper sulfate (ASTM A967), or electrochemical passivation verification \u2014 should be specified separately. <strong>Surface roughness and corrosion resistance are related but independent quality attributes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-6a4f5a73359f467c8 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_6a4f5a73359f467c8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"6a4f5a73359f467c8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-7282-1\" data-target=\"#6a4f5a73359f467c8\" href=\"#6a4f5a73359f467c8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">How does electropolished surface roughness inspection differ from inspection of mechanically polished surfaces?<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"6a4f5a73359f467c8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_6a4f5a73359f467c8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\"><\/p>\n<p>The key difference is <strong>measurement behavior<\/strong>. Mechanically polished surfaces have a directional scratch pattern that profilometers read consistently. Electropolished surfaces are <strong>non-directional and micro-smooth<\/strong>, which can cause the profilometer stylus to follow the macro-topology rather than the true surface finish. This means electropolished parts may require <strong>finer stylus tips, optical profilometry, or adjusted cutoff lengths<\/strong> to produce accurate readings. Additionally, <strong>ASME BPE electropolished designations (SF4\u2013SF6) include defect criteria (pits, scratches, inclusions) that go beyond what a profilometer measures<\/strong> \u2014 requiring visual inspection as part of the acceptance process.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You receive an electropolished sheet metal enclosure. The surface looks  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[129],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-quality-control-inspection-articles"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7282"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7282\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7288,"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7282\/revisions\/7288"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceshi.baoxuanmetal.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}